2. The thermoreceptive senses, which detect heat and cold, including different gradations of cold and heat, from freezing cold to cold to cool to indifferent to warm to hot and to burning hot.
3. The pain sense, which is activated by many factors triggered by tissue damage. Pain is a protective mechanism. It occurs whenever tissues are being damaged and it causes the individual to react to remove the pain stimulus.
4. The exteroreceptive sensations are those from the surface of the body. Proprioceptive sensations are those relating to the physical state of the body, including position sensations, tendon and muscle sensations, pressure sensations from the bottom of the feet, and even the sensation of equilibrium (which is often considered a “special” sensation rather than a somatic sensation). |
6. The deep sensations are those that come from deep tissues, such as from fasciae, muscles, and bone. These include mainly “deep” pressure, pain and vibration.
In addition to the somatic sensations for the above six types of basic physiological states, there are also two other new somatic senses specifically possessed by the New Human Line as new physiological functions, to be briefly discussed as follows:
7. The internal energy receptive senses arise from the spinal cord. Inside the human body, the energy of each particle relates to the properties, structure, and motion state of the system, and the interaction between the particle and the system. The nature of internal energy is determined by translational kinetic energy, rotational kinetic energy, vibrational kinetic energy, electronic energy, relativistic and rest masses between electrons and nuclei, and potential energy from intermolecular forces. The absolute value of internal energy can neither be measured nor be detected. It is until the change in internal energy occurs, i.e. when the state in the body changes, that the fixed value of internal energy can be measured through definite states.
The spinal cord of the New Human Line has the internal energy sensory receptor, which can sense all the states of internal energy, including the total changes in internal energy, and in the pressure and volume of all the molecules, plus the interactions produced by the collision between each particle inside the body as well as the energy of the particles themselves. The evolution of this new physiological function of somatic senses allows the New Human Line to sense the states of internal energy, enthalpy changes, entropy values, and free energy, and thus to have the capacity to control all the biochemical reactions in the body.
8. The absolutely constant state senses come from the extensive somatic sensory nerves. The absolutely constant state incorporates internal energy and the basic constituent state of all things and phenomena, and therefore cannot be measured or sensed. It can be sensed only through the special absolutely constant state sensory receptor, an organelle specialized via the Proprioceptive Bodhi Mechanism by the New Human Line.
Figure 1 shows that Mr. Yuan Lin, the first New Human Line, utilized these two new functions of internal energy sensations and absolutely constant state sensations to detect and read the molecular weight, structure, and conformation of glucose, and the information on internal energy, enthalpy changes, entropy values and free energy.
Figure 2 shows that Mr. Yuan Lin utilized the Absolutely Constant Energy Source and the new biological engineering techniques to activate glucose and raise its concentration from 0.069M to 0.116M without any change in its molecular weight, structural formula, and conformation, at 25℃, 1.0 atm, and pH 7.0, in a confined and isolated space, and with no contact with catalysts, biologically active substances, chemical substances, and physical action forces (p=0.00).
Reference：
Hall, J. E., & Guyton, A. C. (2011). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology. (12th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier. |
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