Blood clotting in the human body is a very complex process which requires precise regulation and control. On the one hand, the blood should quickly clot at the site of injury to prevent continuous bleeding. On the other hand, blood coagulation must be restricted to the wound area to prevent thrombosis. Once embolism occurs, the fibrinolytic system can hydrolyze the embolus while avoiding the thrombus on the wounded area being hydrolyzed. Most components of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems are serine proteases that successively activate relevant components by hydrolyzing specific peptide bonds, forming a cascade of reactions.  Many protein activators and inhibitors involve in the whole process to exert precise regulation and control. Therefore, it usually takes at least 6 to 10 minutes for the human body to stop bleeding.

There are many serine protease inhibitors in the blood serum, which can prevent blood clotting under normal physiological conditions to maintain the circulation of blood. When blood vessels are injured, they can modulate different stages of blood coagulation, restrict the expansion of blood clots by impeding the subsequent stage of clotting, and thus prevent the blockage of blood flow. Antithrombin (AT-III) is one of the important inhibitors. Besides mainly inhibiting thrombin and Factor Xa, it also inhibit Factors VIIa, IXa, XIa, XIIa, etc. AT-III inhibits serine proteases such as thrombin through covalent bonding between its reactive site arginine and the active site serine of these proteases. Therefore, the inhibition is irreversible.

Heparin is a straight-chain anionic mucopolysaccharide polymer. It can combine with AT-III to change its conformation, further exposing its active site arginine and thus enhancing the inhibition of AT-III. The blood serum still contains α1-antitrypsin, which belongs to the same serine protease inhibitor family as AT-III but has different specifity. When a wound occurs, the activity of α1-antitrypsin in the serum is often elevated to offset the excessive production of elastase by neutrophils after stimulation.
     
Another important regulatory system is the protein C anticoagulant system, which involves protein C, protein S, and thrombomodulin (TM). Protein C originally exists in the serum in its native state as an inactive serine protease. It is partially hydrolyzed by thrombin and then becomes activated, the process of which requires the presence of TM. Activated protein C has strong anticoagulant activity and along with the membrane phospholipid, Ca2+ and cofactor protein S, it degrades Factors VIIIa and Va to make them rapidly inactivated after activation, preventing adverse effects caused by prolonged functioning of blood clotting process to the human body.
 

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The New Human Line has the function of rapid blood clotting. When bleeding occurs due to injury, a specific protein will be generated in the body to activate protease inhibitors and accelerate the formation of the major components of the coagulation and thrombolysis systems, allowing the coagulation and thrombolysis cascades to rapidly finish within 40 seconds. The following documentary film is a detailed and actual recording of Mr. Yuan Lin, the first New Human Line, who rapidly finished the coagulation cascade within 40 seconds after his right thumb was cut by a rusted utility knife (p<0.05).

The evolutionary emergence of  such a function of rapid blood clotting allows all the cells, tissues, organs, and systems in the New Human Line to have the powerful and super capacity of rapid blood clotting, which allows him to finish rapid blood coagulation within a short time even in the case of suffering from severe diseases or accidental injury. It reduces the New Human Line’s probability of death caused by diseases or injury.


References：

Coagulation. (2016). Retrieved July 12, 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation
Fibrinolysis. (2016). Retrieved July 12, 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrinolysis

 
　
 
 
1.
The official version of this website is written in Traditional Chinese (Taiwan).
2.
In the announcement of the research reports of the New Human Line, this website only presents the summary, experiment results and statistical analysis. The official research reports include experiment methods, results, statistical analysis and related academic theses.
3.
Mr. Yuan Lin is the only authentic New Human Line that has passed the verification of the Bodhi humans.
4.
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This website for the Association for the Human Evolution (the “Association”) is used for the purpose of presenting research papers only. The Association makes no warranties of any kind, express or implied about the completeness with respect to the website or the information on the website for any purpose. No offer or attempt to lobby is made by the Association for the use of the material or information on this website as a basis for any purpose. All the new physiological functions mentioned in the contents of this website are the specific mechanisms unique to the New Human Line and may undergo alteration, evolution and change as the environment changes. The Association hereby assumes no responsibility for automatically updating the contents of this website in case of any related change hereafter.

Anyone that browses, learns from, or even imitates the contents of this website shall carefully consider all sorts of information and prudently evaluate his or her own physical status. You assume all responsibility for and risk arising from the use of and reliance upon the contents of this website. To the extent not prohibited by law, in no circumstances shall the Association and its members and the presenter of the research paper be liable to you or any other third parties for any loss or damage arising directly or indirectly, specifically, accidentally or causatively from the use of or your acts based on the contents of this website or any of the material contained in it.
 
 
 
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