Glucose molecules are transported in the human body by co-transport. When sodium ions are transported out of cells by primary active transport, a large concentration gradient of sodium ions across the cell membrane usually develops－ high concentration outside the cell and low concentration inside. This gradient represents a storehouse of energy because the excess sodium outside the cell membrane is always attempting to diffuse into the interior. Under some conditions, the diffusion energy of sodium can pull other substances along with the sodium through the cell membrane. This phenomenon is called the “co-transport”; it is one form of secondary active transport (Hall & Guyton, 2011, p. 54).
 
Glucose molecules are transported into most cells of the human body against the concentration gradients. The transport carrier protein has two binding sites on its exterior side, one for sodium and one for glucose. Since the concentration of sodium ions is high on the outside and low inside, it provides energy for the transport. A special property of the transport protein is that a conformational change to allow sodium movement to the interior will not occur until a glucose molecule also attaches. This is called the sodium-glucose co-transport mechanism (Hall & Guyton, 2011, p. 54).

When they both become attached, the conformational change takes place automatically, and the sodium and glucose are transported to the inside of the cell at the same time. The sodium co-transport of glucose occurs usually through the epithelial cells of the intestinal tract and the renal tubules of the kidneys to promote absorption of these substances into the blood (Hall & Guyton, 2011, pp. 54 & 55).

The cell membrane of the New Human Line has an energy-synthesis membrane structure. It serves a fairly important function for photosynthesis and energy-synthesis. Without this new special structure, the photosynthesis and energy-synthesis of the New Human Line cannot normally carry on physiological mechanisms.  As the New Human Line belongs to the mixotroph that can live both as an autotroph and a heterotroph, the cell membrane in the body also develops new special autotrophic and heterotrophic structures. When the New Human Line lives as a heterotroph, the cell membrane transports glucose to each part of the body by co-transport. While the New Human Line lives as an autotroph through photosynthesis and energy-synthesis, the mixotrophic cell membrane will automatically open the specialized channels at the intermembrane space to have the photosynthetic and energy-synthetic glucose transported to the cells, tissues, organs, and systems of each part of the body as a source of nutrition.

The glucose produced by photosynthesis and energy-synthesis in the New Human Line is briefly named “photo-energy glucose”, which has higher concentration than the original glucose in the body without any change in its molecular weight, structural formula, and conformation. This high concentration of photo-energy glucose is the very significant substance to open the specialized channels at the intermembrane space (See above figure). This interactive chain reaction between the specialized channels at the intermembrane space and the photo-energy glucose makes up the unique structure of the energy-synthesis membrane in the cell of the New Human Line. Since these specialized channels at the intermembrane space only allow the photo-energy glucose to pass through, it is named the energy-synthesis membrane.

The above figure shows the data from the NMR test of photo-energy glucose produced by Mr. Yuan Lin, the first New Human Line, through photosynthesis and energy-synthesis. The concentration of standard glucose is 0.1M; the concentration of photo-energy glucose is 0.1212M. (0.1212M-0.1M = 0.0212M). It shows that the concentration of photo-energy glucose is 0.0212M higher than concentration of the original glucose (p=0.00) in the body.

Besides being transported by the specialized channels at the intermembrane space, the glucose produced by photosynthesis and energy-synthesis in the New Human Line, can also be directly converted to energy by the newly- discovered Absolutely Constant Energy Source and new biological engineering techniques and then be transmitted through resonance transition between neurons . This advanced evolution of the cell membrane allows the New Human Line to survive by employing photosynthesis and energy-synthesis when the organic substances completely disappear.

Reference：

Hall, J. E., & Guyton, A. C. (2011). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology. (12th ed., pp. 54-55). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier.
 

 
 
 
1.
The official version of this website is written in Traditional Chinese (Taiwan).
2.
In the announcement of the research reports of the New Human Line, this website only presents the summary, experiment results and statistical analysis. The official research reports include experiment methods, results, statistical analysis and related academic theses.
3.
Mr. Yuan Lin is the only authentic New Human Line that has passed the verification of the Bodhi humans.
4.
 All the related knowledge of the New Human Line is protected by Intellectual Property Rights and Trade Secret Act.
   

This website for the Association for the Human Evolution (the “Association”) is used for the purpose of presenting research papers only. The Association makes no warranties of any kind, express or implied about the completeness with respect to the website or the information on the website for any purpose. No offer or attempt to lobby is made by the Association for the use of the material or information on this website as a basis for any purpose. All the new physiological functions mentioned in the contents of this website are the specific mechanisms unique to the New Human Line and may undergo alteration, evolution and change as the environment changes. The Association hereby assumes no responsibility for automatically updating the contents of this website in case of any related change hereafter.

Anyone that browses, learns from, or even imitates the contents of this website shall carefully consider all sorts of information and prudently evaluate his or her own physical status. You assume all responsibility for and risk arising from the use of and reliance upon the contents of this website. To the extent not prohibited by law, in no circumstances shall the Association and its members and the presenter of the research paper be liable to you or any other third parties for any loss or damage arising directly or indirectly, specifically, accidentally or causatively from the use of or your acts based on the contents of this website or any of the material contained in it.
 
 
 
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