Proteins can be divided into structural proteins and functional proteins. The structural proteins, in association with various lipids and carbohydrates, form the structures of the various intracellular organelles. The functional proteins are enzymes which catalyze the different chemical reactions in the cells. For instance, enzymes promote all the oxidative reactions that supply energy to the cells, and promote synthesis of all the cell chemicals, such as lipids, glycogen, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), purines, pyrimidines, and hundreds of other substances.
Synthesis of biochemical products in the cells usually needs to go through a cascade of reactions; however, each
reaction requires a specific protease to catalyze it. The formation of all the required enzymes in the synthetic process is usually controlled by a series of gene sequences on the same strand of DNA in the chromosome. This segment of DNA is called an operon and the genes responsible for the synthesis of different enzymes are called structural genes (see above figure for details). The figure shows that there are three individual structural genes on one operon, and they are confirmed to respectively control the formation of three kinds of enzymes; these enzymes can successively induce the synthesis of specific intracellular products.
The promoter section of DNA is a set of nucleotides which have specific affinity for RNA polymerase. Before RNA polymerase starts to move along the DNA strand to synthesize RNA, it has to combine with the promoter. Therefore, the promoter is an essential factor to activate an operon.
Almost all gene transcription is controlled by the promoter. The promoter can be classified into strong or weak. The strong promoter can transcribe RNA promoters at a higher rate, while the weak promoters do so at a lower rate. Large amount of mRNA will be produced after the quick transcription of RNA promoters by the strong promoter, during which time strong ribosome binding sites are required for mRNA translation to proceed with high efficiency.
All the genes in the nuclei of the New Human Line have strong promotion function. All the gene transcription and translation can be rapidly controlled by the New Human Line through the newly-discovered Proprioceptive Bodhi Mechanism, the Absolutely Constant Energy Source and the new biological engineering techniques. He can also regulate and control amino acid sequencing, and formation of proteins and peptide chains, inducing cell division, replication, and production of new functional organelles. This function of strong promotion of genes allows the New Human Line to control genetic heredity, development, and operation of life mechanism, leading to a more perfect and satisfactory life (p<0.05).
References:
Hall, J. E., & Guyton, A. C. (2011). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology. (12th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier.
Snustad, D.P., Simmons, M.J. (2010). Principles of genetics. (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &Sons. |
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