In 1900, M. Planck proposed the quantum hypothesis while explaining the experimental phenomenon of black body radiation. The main idea of this hypothesis is that the radiation energy is emitted in discrete packets called quanta rather than in a continuous way. Such kind of packet is the smallest unit of energy and is also named the quantum of energy (ε). The energy of each quantum is directly proportional to the frequency (v) of the radiation, and this is given by

where h is Planck constant 6.626x10-34  J．s or 4.135 eV．s and v is the frequency in s-1.  Plank thought the energy change in radioactive substances should be quantized, that is, the radiation energy emitted or absorbed must be in integer multiples (ε, 2ε, 3ε,…, nε) of an energy quantum hv and proceed one by one in a discontinuous way.

In 1905, A. Einstein formulated the photon theory of light based on Planck’s quantum hypothesis while explaining the photoelectric effect. He thought light is composed of a series of energy packets called photons. Each photon has its energy ε=hv. Photons with different frequencies have different amounts of energy. Since frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength, short-wavelength light carries higher energy. When a photon (hv) with sufficient energy is absorbed by an electron in a substance, part of its energy will be consumed by the work(A) to release the electron from the constraint of the substance , the other part of the energy will be converted to the kinetic energy (½ mv2) of the ejected electron (called the photoelectron). Therefore, it is given by

hv ＝ ½ mv2＋ A

and this is Einstein’s equation of the photoelectric effect. When the plant photosynthetic pigment absorbs a photon with a sufficient amount of energy, it will cause one photoelectron to be ejected from the pigment molecule. One photon cannot deliver its energy (ε) to two or more electrons, and two or more photons cannot combine their energy to eject one electron, either. Therefore, the photon with energy in excess of the threshold value is required to excite one electron in the pigment molecule and then activate photosynthesis.

In 2010, Mr. Yuan Lin postulated the theory of the Absolutely Constant Energy Source (ACES) to explain the experimental phenomena induced by ACES, based on Planck’s hypothesis and Einstein’s photon theory of light. He proposed that light, whether traveling in the form of mass wave or particle flow, is affected by its medium, that is,  the background energy state (B) — the cosmic background radiation. The main factor that determines whether light exists in mass wave or particle flow is the background energy state. When the background energy state come into  the universal constant relation with the photon, i.e. with the same frequency and in a similar or different energy state, it can change the energy phase of the photon, and therefore decides whether light to be present in mass wave or particle flow. In Linyuan Mechanics, the thermal energy of light is considered to be generated by consecutive crash of particles in a flow moving at the speed of light. 

 hv (ACES)＝ ½ mv2＋ A…..(1)

This is the first formula of the photoelectric effect in Linyuan Mechanics, also named the equation of the Absolutely Constant Energy Source activating quanta.

When the photon is traveling extremely far distance, the photon (hv) with sufficient energy will become attenuated because either the work (A) to eject the electron or the kinetic energy (½ mv2) of the ejected electron will be absorbed by the background energy state (B) when they come into the universal constant relation. And this makes the energy of the photon that originally has sufficient energy becomes zero, which is given by

A＋ ½ mv2－B = hv－ B = 0…..(2)

This is the second formula of the photoelectric effect in Linyuan Mechanics, also named the equation of quantum attenuation.

The energy of the photon comes to zero—in other words, the photon disappears. When different background energy states come into the universal constant relation with the photon, they will consume and attenuate the photon that carries sufficient energy. On the contrary, if the Absolutely Constant Energy Source comes into the universal constant relation with the photon, it will stabilize the energy state of the photon and therefore extend its lifespan, which can be expressed as

hvS＋ACESS＝hvl＋ACESl…..(3)

where s is short wavelength and l is long wavelength.

This is the third formula of the photoelectric effect in Linyuan Mechanics, also named as the equation of fixing quanta in the absolutely constant state.

When the human body comes into the universal constant relation with the energy state equivalent to the photon, it can activate the Linyuan Intrinsic Genetic pHotosynthetic Transformation in the human body, through which the net synthesis of sugar from CO2 and H2O can occur. This allows the human body to utilize carbon dioxide and water to synthesize glucose to sustain itself and become a mixtrophic being and it therefore can be expressed as

because the short wavelength （λs）< long wavelength （λl）

where hvS  is the photon with sufficient energy (short wavelength), ACESS is the Absolutely Constant Energy Source (short wavelength), hvl is the photon with sufficient energy (long wavelength); ACESl is the Absolutely Constant Energy Source (long wavelength) and c is the speed of light.

For example:

Therefore ACES700nm >ACES400nm

The longer the wavelength is, the less energy the photon carries and the more Absolutely Constant Energy Source it needs. The required Absolutely Constant Energy Source at 700 nm is more than that at 400 nm.

This is the fourth formula of the photoelectric effect in Linyuan Mechanics, also named as the equation of the Linyuan Intrinsic Genetic pHotosynthetic Transformation.  

The purpose of this experiment is to prove that Mr. Yuan Lin, the first successfully-evolved New Human Line, can utilize the technique of activating photosynthesis in the human body to perform the light activation function to activate the Linyuan Intrinsic Genetic pHotosynthetic Transformation without any change in the molecular weight, structural formula, conformation, at 25℃, 1.0 atm, and pH 7.0, and with no contact with catalysts, biologically active substances, chemical substances, and physical action forces.

Ming-Ju Chang, PhD, Ying-Tung Lin and Yuan Lin*
September 23－October 14, 2008

Introduction:

The earth has gone through 4.6 billion years of evolution and so far, except for plants or photosynthetic microorganisms, no animals can carry out photosynthesis. Net synthesis of glucose from CO2  and H2O occurs in green plants through photosynthesis. And the capacity to generate net synthesis of glucose is the basic distinguishing feature among autotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixtrophic organisms.

The parotid gland is the largest gland in the salivary gland which produces saliva. The gland lies at the side of the face just below and in front of ears and produces 50% of saliva in the daytime. Human saliva is composed of 98% water while the other 2% consists of other compounds such as antibacterial elements and other enzymes. Glucose, a reducing sugar, is the final product of photosynthesis; it has an aldehyde group and acts as a reducing agent. It cannot be found in saliva. Therefore, we pick up the sample from the parotid gland to test the concentration of glucose. Any increase in the concentration of glucose can show the efficacy of the Linyuan Intrinsic Genetic pHotosynthetic Transformation.

Results and Discussion:

The experimental results showed a statistically significant difference (p=0.00) in the glucose concentration between these two treatments (glucose is one of the products generated by the Linyuan Intrinsic Genetic pHotosynthetic Transformation (LIGHT). Therefore, it shows that Mr. Lin can carry out photosynthesis to produce glucose. The amount of glucose was higher when Mr. Lin was under the sunlight than when he stayed indoors. The production of glucose was higher at higher sunlight intensity than at lower intensity (Table 1). Mr. Yuan Lin utilized the function of light activation to combine carbon dioxide and water to form glucose (one of the products generated by LIGHT), and consequently, to affect the concentration of glucose in the body.

Table 1. Comparison of the change in glucose concentration when Mr. Lin stayed outside and inside

Figure 2. The relation between the intensity of sunlight and the concentration of glucose outdoors under sunlight.

Figure 3. The relation between the intensity of sunlight and the concentration of glucose indoors under no sunlight.

Benedict’s test is a standard procedure to detect glucose concentration. In order to verify the results from the Benedict’s tests, the liquid chromatograph tandem mass spectrometer (4000 QTRAP LC-mass/mass) was used to determine the molecular weight of the compounds in the samples. One compound showed peak at 203.3=180.2+23.1 (glucose + sodium) m/z, amu (Figure 1), which means that Mr. Lin can carry out photosynthesis.

Figure 1. The result of the saliva sample collected from LIGHT and run by 4000 QTRAP LC-mass/mass.

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Conclusion:

The experimental results showed that there was statistically significant difference (p=0.00) in glucose concentration between the two treatments. It can be seen that Mr. Lin can produce higher concentration of glucose when staying outdoors than indoors. And the production of glucose was higher at higher sunlight intensity than at lower intensity (Table 1). Therefore, it can verify that Mr. Yuan Lin can utilize the function of performing light activation to activate the Linyuan Intrinsic Genetic pHotosynthetic Transformation (LIGHT) to combine CO2  and H2O to form glucose.

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