In 1900, M. Planck proposed the quantum hypothesis while explaining the experimental phenomenon of black body radiation. The main idea of this hypothesis is that the radiation energy is emitted in discrete packets called quanta rather than in a continuous way. Such kind of packet is the smallest unit of energy and is also named the quantum of energy (ε). The energy of each quantum is directly proportional to the frequency (v) of the radiation, and this is given by

where h is Planck constant 6.626x10-34  J．s or 4.135 eV．s and v is the frequency in s-1.  Plank thought the energy change in radioactive substances should be quantized, that is, the radiation energy emitted or absorbed must be in integer multiples (ε, 2ε, 3ε,…, nε) of an energy quantum hv and proceed one by one in a discontinuous way.

In 1905, A. Einstein formulated the photon theory of light based on Planck’s quantum hypothesis while explaining the photoelectric effect. He thought light is composed of a series of energy packets called photons. Each photon has its energy ε=hv. Photons with different frequencies have different amounts of energy. Since frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength, short-wavelength light carries higher energy. When a photon (hv) with sufficient energy is absorbed by an electron in a substance, part of its energy will be consumed by the work(A) to release the electron from the constraint of the substance , the other part of the energy will be converted to the kinetic energy (½ mv2) of the ejected electron (called the photoelectron). Therefore, it is given by

hv ＝ ½ mv2＋ A

and this is Einstein’s equation of the photoelectric effect. When the plant photosynthetic pigment absorbs a photon with a sufficient amount of energy, it will cause one photoelectron to be ejected from the pigment molecule. One photon cannot deliver its energy (ε) to two or more electrons, and two or more photons cannot combine their energy to eject one electron, either. Therefore, the photon with energy in excess of the threshold value is required to excite one electron in the pigment molecule and then activate photosynthesis.

In 2010, Mr. Yuan Lin postulated the theory of the Absolutely Constant Energy Source (ACES) to explain the experimental phenomena induced by ACES, based on Planck’s hypothesis and Einstein’s photon theory of light. He proposed that light, whether traveling in the form of mass wave or particle flow, is affected by its medium, that is,  the background energy state (B) — the cosmic background radiation. The main factor that determines whether light exists in mass wave or particle flow is the background energy state. When the background energy state come into  the universal constant relation with the photon, i.e. with the same frequency and in a similar or different energy state, it can change the energy phase of the photon, and therefore decides whether light to be present in mass wave or particle flow. In Linyuan Mechanics, the thermal energy of light is considered to be generated by consecutive crash of particles in a flow moving at the speed of light. 

 hv (ACES)＝ ½ mv2＋ A…..(1)

This is the first formula of the photoelectric effect in Linyuan Mechanics, also named the equation of the Absolutely Constant Energy Source activating quanta.

When the photon is traveling extremely far distance, the photon (hv) with sufficient energy will become attenuated because either the work (A) to eject the electron or the kinetic energy (½ mv2) of the ejected electron will be absorbed by the background energy state (B) when they come into the universal constant relation. And this makes the energy of the photon that originally has sufficient energy becomes zero, which is given by

A＋ ½ mv2－B = hv－ B = 0…..(2)

This is the second formula of the photoelectric effect in Linyuan Mechanics, also named the equation of quantum attenuation.

The energy of the photon comes to zero—in other words, the photon disappears. When different background energy states come into the universal constant relation with the photon, they will consume and attenuate the photon that carries sufficient energy. On the contrary, if the Absolutely Constant Energy Source comes into the universal constant relation with the photon, it will stabilize the energy state of the photon and therefore extend its lifespan, which can be expressed as

hvS＋ACESS＝hvl＋ACESl…..(3)

where s is short wavelength and l is long wavelength.

This is the third formula of the photoelectric effect in Linyuan Mechanics, also named as the equation of fixing quanta in the absolutely constant state.

When the human body comes into the universal constant relation with the energy state equivalent to the photon, it can activate the Linyuan Intrinsic Genetic pHotosynthetic Transformation in the human body, through which the net synthesis of sugar from CO2 and H2O can occur. This allows the human body to utilize carbon dioxide and water to synthesize glucose to sustain itself and become a mixtrophic being and it therefore can be expressed as

because the short wavelength （λs）< long wavelength （λl）

where hvS  is the photon with sufficient energy (short wavelength), ACESS is the Absolutely Constant Energy Source (short wavelength), hvl is the photon with sufficient energy (long wavelength); ACESl is the Absolutely Constant Energy Source (long wavelength) and c is the speed of light.

For example:

Therefore ACES700nm >ACES400nm

The longer the wavelength is, the less energy the photon carries and the more Absolutely Constant Energy Source it needs. The required Absolutely Constant Energy Source at 700 nm is more than that at 400 nm.

This is the fourth formula of the photoelectric effect in Linyuan Mechanics, also named as the equation of Linyuan intrinsic genetic photosynthetic transformation.  

Light is composed of a series of energy packets called photons. Each photon has its energy ε=hv. When one background energy state of ACES comes into the universal constant relation with the energy state of the photon, it will activate the energy state of the photon to approach the constant state and consequently extend the work (A) to eject an electron and the kinetic energy of the ejected electron (½ mv2).  Therefore, when the background energy state of ACES comes into the universal constant relation with the photon, it can have the pure energy of the photon released from the energy packet and this can be given by

A＋ ½ mv2＋ACES = ACES＋hvpe…..(5)

where A is the work to eject an electron from the constraint of a substance, ½ mv2 is the kinetic energy of the ejected electron, hvpe is the pure energy of the photon, and ACES is the Absolutely Constant Energy Source.

This is the fifth formula of the photoelectric effect in Linyuan Mechanics, also named the equation of performing quantum fission. In this formula, the pure energy released from the energy packet of the photon can be used in quantum mechanics and also provide a new definition for Einstein’s law of mass-energy equivalence. Therefore,

E = mc2 has to be changed to E(ACESpe)=mc2

The purpose of this experiment is to prove that Mr. Yuan Lin, the first successfully-evolved New Human Line, can utilize the technique of quantum fission to carry out the function of performing quantum fission to affect the amino acid without any change in its molecular weight, structural formula, and conformation, at 25℃, 1.0 atm, and pH 7.0, in a confined and isolated space, and with no contact with catalysts, biologically active substances, chemical substances, and physical action forces.

Ming-Ju Chang, PhD, Ying-Tung Lin and Yuan Lin*
September 23－October 14, 2008

Introduction:

Amino acids having both the amine and the carboxylic acid groups are often known as α-amino acids (generic formula H2NCHROOH in most cases, where R is an organic substituent (“Amino acid”, 2016). In α-amino acids, the amine and the carboxylic acid are bound to the same carbon atom which is named α- carbon atom. When different side-chains (R) attach to the α-carbon atom, different α-amino acids will be produced. The molecular size of this side-chain can range from one hydrogen molecule as in glycine to a methyl group as in alanine, and then to a large heterocyclic compound as in tryptophan.

Amino acids can be classified into the following four groups by the properties of their side chains: strong acids, strong bases, hydrophiles, and hydrophobes. Most amino acids have two kinds of optical isomers, which can be classified as levorotary and dextrorotary. And most of the amino acids in proteins are levorotary.

The amino acids that have an amine functional group are basic, and those with a second carboxyl group are acidic. The isoelectric point will appear at a certain pH value. The amine group carries a positive charge (i.e. protonated) and the carboxyl group carries a negative charge (i.e. deprotonated). The isoelectric point would vary from amino acid to amino acid. This ion is called a zwitterion. Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins. Two amino acids combine together to form a peptide bond and polypeptide bonds form a protein.

Ten out of twenty kinds of amino acids are essential for the human body because the human body cannot synthesize them from other compounds by itself, but has to take them in from foods. The required amount of amino acids varies with the age and health condition of each person. As amino acids are very sensitive to fluorescence, we take amino acids as the experimental targets to show that samples “treated with the energy state of the pure energy released from the photon by the fifth formula of the photoelectric effect in the Linyuan Mechanics—the quantum fission” can display change in their absorbance.

Results and Discussion:

Test 1-1 Amino acid: Cysteine

Table 1.  Comparison of the absorbance among three treatments at 202 nm

Statistical analysis:

Significant difference

Significant difference

Test 1-2 Amino acid: Cysteine

Table 2. Comparison of the absorbance between two treatments at 202 nm

Statistical analysis:

Significant difference

Test 2-1 Amino acid: Histidine

Table 3. Comparison of the absorbance among three treatments at 208 nm

Statistical analysis:

Significant difference

Significant difference

Test 2-2 Amino acids: Histidine

Table 4. Comparison of the absorbance between two treatments at 208 nm

Statistical analysis:

Significant Difference

Test 3-1 Amino acids: Tyrosine

Table 5. Comparison of the absorbance among three treatments at 199 nm

Statistical analysis:

Significant Difference

Significant Difference

Test 3-2 Amino acids: Tyrosine

Table 6. Comparison of the absorbance between two treatments at 199 nm

Statistical analysis:

Significant Difference

From the experimental results, it showed that all the treatments displayed significant difference, which means that the samples treated by the energy state of the pure energy released from the photon by “the fifth formula of the photoelectric effect in the Linyuan Mechanics—the quantum fission” and by the radiation of fluorescence were relatively lower in absorbance than the non-treated (control) samples. Since amino acids are highly sensitive to fluorescence, their chemical structure might experience change due to absorption of “photons”, which consequently affected their ionic strength effects.

Conclusion:

From the experimental results, it shows that the different structures of amino acids have different influences on the absorbance of these amino acids. As cysteine has a linear bond, its absorbance is lower than that of the other two amino acids, histidine and tyrosine, since they have a five-carbon ring and a six-carbon ring respectively. It can indirectly explain why the decrease in absorbance is larger in cysteine than in the other two amino acids.

Samples treated by “the energy state of the pure energy released by the fifth formula of the photoelectric effect in the Linyuan Mechanics—the quantum fission” displayed relatively lower absorbance than those treated by fluorescence and those non-treated (control) ones. We can see that “the pure energy released from the photon by the fifth formula of the photoelectric effect in the Linyuan Mechanics—the quantum fission of the photon” can affect the absorbance of amino acids. It verified that Mr. Yuan Lin can utilize the function of performing quantum fission on the photon to affect amino acids.

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