Plants utilize solar energy to convert CO2 and H2O into carbohydrate and simultaneously to produce O2. The New Human Line has the physiological new function of carbon-oxygen balance. In addition to utilizing solar light to synthesize carbohydrate from CO2 and H2O, he can also produce O2 in the process of photosynthesis and thus keep the carbon-oxygen cycle balanced inside the body so as to adapt to extreme earth environments where O2 is deficient or CO2 is escalating. Therefore, this high-level evolution in the respiratory system is the key for the New Human Line to immediately adapting to sudden environmental changes on Earth in the future and the new environment afterward. 

In order to observe and test the cycle of carbon-oxygen balance in the New Human Line, a standard laboratory was constructed modelled on the photosynthesis ecology of plants. This New Human Line carbon-oxygen balance ecological laboratory adopts a sealed chamber construction method, and is equipped with standard carbon dioxide and oxygen motoring devices, temperature control devices, and full bathing facilities. Indoor lighting is provided by plant-use fluorescent lamps for the New Human Line to carry out photosynthesis(see the figure below).

Figure 1. The carbon-oxygen balance ecological laboratory.

The indoor concentration of O2 in this New Human Line carbon-oxygen balance ecological laboratory is controlled under 10% in order to create a condition of a sealed chamber with an extreme deficiency of O2, which would make those subjects unable to produce O2 by photosynthesis and energy-synthesis experience symptoms of extreme oxygen deficiency. The atmospheric oxygen concentration that modern humans get used to while moving about comfortably is 21%, and the lowest level of oxygen concentration for survival is 10% (see the table below).

Table 1. Oxygen concentration and its effects on the human body

The carbon dioxide in the New Human Line carbon-oxygen balance ecological laboratory comes from the respiration in the human body. Thus, the longer one stays in the laboratory, the higher the carbon dioxide concentration will be. Excess of carbon dioxide replacing oxygen will cause carbon dioxide poisoning and acidemia, which in turns affects the respiratory center and influences the proceeding of oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid cycle inside the body and finally threatens the operation of life functions. If the concentration of oxygen in the ecological laboratory is kept under 10%, the effect of carbon-oxygen replacement will be more significant when one stays inside the laboratory for a longer time.

Figure 2. Main symptoms of carbon dioxide poisoning.  Note. Retrieved in 2010 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide. Figure 3.  Loading and unloading of respiratory gases. Note. Reprinted from Biology (p. 845), by N.A. Campbell, 1996, California: The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. Copyright 1996 by The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc.

When plants utilize solar energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrate, they will absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. This photosynthesis process can effectively cope with the effect of carbon-oxygen replacement in the laboratory. Therefore, in order to survive in the New Human Line carbon-oxygen balance ecological laboratory, it is necessary to turn on the plant-use fluorescent lamp to conduct the photosynthesis, absorbing carbon dioxide and producing oxygen while converting carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrate.

Figure 4. The transport of O2 and CO2 in the blood. Most O2 is carried in red blood cells by hemoglobin (Hb) in the form of oxyhemoglobin (Hb．O2). Most CO2 is transported in the plasma in the form of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). Note. Reprinted from J. S. Chen, & S. Y. Xu (Trans.). (2007) (p.465). Copyright 2007 by Ho-Chi Book Publishing Co.

Figure 5. The variations in the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 during external and internal respiration. The gas component in a gas mixture tends to diffuse from an area where its partial pressure is higher to where its partial pressure is lower. Note. Reprinted from J. S. Chen, & S. Y. Xu (Trans.). (2007) (p.463). Copyright 2007 by Ho-Chi Book Publishing Co.

When photosynthesis cannot proceed or its efficacy is not significant, the concentration of carbon dioxide inside the ecological laboratory will increase as the respiration in the body goes. Meanwhile, the oxygen concentration will gradually decrease, which will accelerate the condition of oxygen deficiency. Through the data recorded by the monitoring instruments in the ecological laboratory, it is possible to calculate the subject’s efficiency of oxygen production and carbon-oxygen balance.

Figure 6. Mr. Yuan Lin, the New Human Line, in the carbon-oxygen balance ecological laboratory.

Air, food, and water are the fundamental elements to sustain life. None of them is dispensable. Mr. Yuan Lin, the first New Human Line, has lived in the carbon-oxygen balance ecological laboratory since 2009 where the O2 concentration has been kept below 10%. So far, he has received long-term examinations of carbon-oxygen balance and passed the tests (p=0.00). His success not only has undoubtedly rewritten this biological basis but also provides human future with unlimited development.

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