Introduction:

Protein can be found in many biological tissues. It has many forms and biological functions. All proteins are made up of many kinds of amino acids linked into a long chain. Amino acids contain two kinds of ions, a basic amino group (–NH3+) and an acidic carboxylate ion (–COO–). They are the basic component molecules of protein. Other kinds of amino acids can link together to produce a long chain and form large molecules of proteins.

Proteins can be divided into two classes: fibrous and globular, on the basis of their size and shape in three dimensions. The fibrous proteins are tougher and insoluble in water, while the globular proteins have coils and easily dissolve in water and also can flow inside the cells.

Cells can produce a variety of proteins that have different properties, and different combination and sequencing of the 20 kinds of amino acids can constitute different living organisms. Proteins can generate special products, such as enzymes, hormones, antibodies, muscle fibers, antibiotics, and milk proteins, etc.

Brönsted – Lowry theory:

From the equation, we can understand neutralization and acid-base balance in the blood and tissues of vertebrates.

From the Lambert-Beer law, we can see that the absorbance is proportional to the concentration (c) of the solute which is used in the experiment.

I0：the intensity of incident light
I：the intensity of transmitted light
：the molar attenuation coefficient (L/ mol·cm)
c：the amount concentration of the absorbing species (mole/l)
l：the path length of the beam of light through the absorbing sample (cm)

From the Brönsted-Lowry theory, the Henderson- Hasselbalch equation and the Lambert-Beer law, we can figure out that the concentration of peptides and proteins are related to their biological functions.

The purpose of this experiment is to prove that Mr. Yuan Lin, the first successfully-evolved New Human Line, can utilize the Absolutely Constant Energy Source (ACES) and the new biological engineering techniques to activate protein and affect its relative concentration without any change in its molecular weight, structural formula, and conformation, at 25℃, 1.0 atm, and pH 7.0, in a confined and isolated space, and with no contact with catalysts, biologically active substances, chemical substances, and physical action forces.

Results & Discussion:
Experiment 1:

Table 1. Comparison of absorbance at 590 nm between two treatments

Statistical analysis:

Experiment 2:

Table 2. Comparison of absorbance at 590 nm between two treatments

Statistical analysis:

From the experiment results, we can see that the samples treated with ACES by Mr. Yuan Lin exhibit relatively higher absorbance than the untreated control samples, which means that the concentration of the ACES-treated protein is comparatively higher than that of the untreated protein. This may probably result from an increase in ionic bonding or ionization of the samples induced by Mr. Yuan Lin with ACES. And a greater absorbance means a higher concentration of the solute. It therefore can prove that the treatment with ACES by Mr. Yuan Lin can affect the relative concentration of the protein.

Conclusion:

From the above experiment results, we can see that the samples treated with ACES by Mr. Yuan Lin show relatively higher absorbance than those untreated control samples and that the ACES-treated protein is comparatively higher in the concentration than the untreated protein. The statistical analysis shows significant difference between these two tests. It proves that Mr. Yuan Lin, the New Human Line, can utilize the Absolutely Constant Energy Source and the new biological engineering techniques to affect the relative concentration of protein.

References:

1. Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory. (2017). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B8nsted%E2%80%93Lowry_acid%E2%80%93base_theory
2. George, B. K. (1988). The Bronsted-Lowry Acid-Base Concept. J. Chem. Edu., 65(1), 28-31. doi: 10.1021/ed065p28
3. Henderson–Hasselbalch equation. (2017). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henderson%E2%80%93Hasselbalch_equation
4. Hubele, N. F., Runger, G. C., & Montgomery, D. C. (1998). Engineering statistics. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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