Introduction:

Recent research has found that polyphenols contained in the orange juice have strong anti-oxidative activity. They are active antioxidants. Polyphenols are widely present in plants as secondary metabolites in the process of photosynthesis, protecting plants from ultraviolet radiation or aggression by bacteria and pests. They are natural protective elements specific for plants.

Polyphenols have many functions, such as cleaning up free radicals in the body, disrupting oxidation reactions, preventing oxidation of DNA and cells, producing synergistic effects with vitamins C and E, protecting against development of cancers and enhancing apoptosis in cancer cells, protecting against development of cardiovascular diseases, inhibiting bacterial growth, boosting immunity, and postponing aging.

The strong anti-oxidative capacity of orange juice is measured based on oxidation-reduction reactions and the optical density (absorbance) determined by the spectrophotometer. This experiment aims to prove that Mr. Yuan Lin, the first successfully-evolved New Human Line, can utilize the Absolutely Constant Energy Source (ACES) and the new biological engineering techniques to activate orange juice and increase its anti-oxidative capacity without any change in its molecular weight, structural formula, and conformation, at 25℃, 1.0 atm, and pH 7.0, in a confined and isolated space, and with no contact with catalysts, biologically active substances, chemical substances, and physical action forces.

Results & Discussion:

Figures 1 to 4. Comparison of titrant volume at 488 nm between two treatments.

Statistical analysis:

Table 2 Difference of minimum optical density between two treatments

Statistical analysis:

Table 3 Comparison of titrant volume used at minimum optical density between two treatments

From the volume of titrant added, calculate the mass of vitamin C:

Experiment 2

Figures 1 to 4. Comparison of titrant volume at 488 nm between two treatments.

Statistical analysis:

Table 5 Difference of minimum optical density between two treatments

Statistical analysis:

Table 6 Comparison of titrant volume used at minimum optical density between two treatments.

From the volume of titrant added, calculate the mass of vitamin C:

From the experiment results, we can see that samples treated with the ACES by Mr. Yuan Lin display higher antioxidant capacity than those untreated control samples. Statistical analysis of data shows significant differences between these two treatments: p<0.05 in Experiment 1 and p<0.01 in Experiment 2. If the minimum absorbance is used to statistically analyze these two treatments, there is also significant difference between them: p<0.01 in Experiment 1 and p<0.025 in Experiment 2. If titration calculations (nv=n’v’) are deployed to work out the concentration of vitamin C in the orange juice, we can get 23.6825 mg/100cc for the ACES-treated samples and 20.7243 mg/100cc for the control in Experiment 1, and 41.4525 mg/100cc for the ACES-treated samples and 37.8975 mg/100cc for the control in Experiment 2. From the results of the experiment listed in the Natural Food-Fruit Vitamin C Content (2001), there is about 53 mg of vitamin C per 100 cc of orange juice, approach to the vitamin C content of the samples treated with the ACES by Mr. Yuan Lin. It can be concluded that the ACES will affect the content of vitamin C and the capacity of antioxidants.

Conclusion:

From the above experiment results, the orange juice treated with the ACES by Mr. Yuan Lin shows greater antioxidant capacity than the untreated control group. Statistical analysis shows significant difference between two treatments (p<0.05 for Experiment 1 and p<0.01 for Experiment 2) and between two different analytical methods (p<0.01 for Experiment 1 and p<0.025 for Experiment 2). If titration calculations (nv=n’v’) are deployed to work out the concentration of vitamin C in the orange juice, we can get 23.6825 mg/100cc for the ACES-treated samples and 20.7243 mg/100cc for the control in Experiment 1, and 41.4525 mg/100cc for the ACES-treated samples and 37.8975 mg/100cc for the control in Experiment 2. The treatment samples in both experiments contain higher amount of vitamin C than the control. It proves that Mr. Yuan Lin, the New Human Line, can use the ACES and new biological engineering techniques to increase the strong antioxidant capacity of orange juice.

References:

1. Hubele, N. F., Runger, G. C., & Montgomery, D. C. (1997). Engineering statistics. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
2. Natural food-Fruit Vitamin C Content (2001)。取自http://www.naturalhub.com/natural_food_guide_fruit_vitamin_C.htm
3. Pandey, K. B., & Rizvi, S. I. (2009). Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2(5): 270–278. doi:  [10.4161/oxim.2.5.9498]
4. A.A. Izuagie & Izuagie, F.O. (2007). Iodimetric determination of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in citric fruits. Res. J. Agric.& Biol. Sci. 3(5): 367-369. Retrieved from http://www.aensiweb.net/AENSIWEB/rjabs/rjabs/2007/367-369.pdf